NASA launching two new missions to explore Venus

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NASA has selected two new missions to Venus, Earth’s nearest planetary neighbour. Part of NASA’s Discovery Programme, the missions aim to understand how Venus became an inferno-like world when it has so many other characteristics similar to ours – and may have been the first habitable world in the solar system, complete with an ocean and Earth-like climate.</p>
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NASA is awarding approximately $500 million per mission for development. Each is expected to launch in the 2028-2030 timeframe.</p>
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According to a NASA statement, these investigations are the final selections from four mission concepts picked in February 2020  as part of the agency’s Discovery 2019 competition. Following a competitive, peer-review process, the two missions were chosen based on their potential scientific value and the feasibility of their development plans. The project teams will now work to finalize their requirements, designs, and development plans.</p>
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“We’re revving up our planetary science program with intense exploration of a world that NASA hasn’t visited in over 30 years,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA’s associate administrator for science.</p>
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The selected missions are:</p>
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<strong>DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging)</strong></p>
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DAVINCI+ will measure the composition of Venus’ atmosphere to understand how it formed and evolved, as well as determine whether the planet ever had an ocean. The mission consists of a descent sphere that will plunge through the planet’s thick atmosphere, making precise measurements of noble gases and other elements to understand why Venus’ atmosphere is a runaway hothouse compared to the Earth’s.</p>
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<strong>VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy)</strong></p>
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VERITAS will map Venus’ surface to determine the planet’s geologic history and understand why it developed so differently than Earth. Orbiting Venus with a synthetic aperture radar, VERITAS will chart surface elevations over nearly the entire planet to create 3D reconstructions of topography and confirm whether processes such as plate tectonics and volcanism are still active on Venus.</p>